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Each option structure begins with a type field and a length field, followed by specific fields for the relevant option type. The Length field defines the length of the option in units of 8 bytes. The option header size is 8 bytes, and each IPv6 address adds additional 16 bytes to the length. The bug happens when the length is an even number, causing the code to incorrectly interpret the beginning of the next option structure.

Here is the ICMPv6 packet as constructed in the source code:. The two options have an even length of 4, which triggers the bug. The tcpip! Ipv6pHandleRouterAdvertisement function that parses the packet does two iterations over the option structures. The first iteration does simple checks such as verifying the length field of the structures. The second iteration actually parses the option structures. Because of the bug, each iteration interprets the packet differently.

Each option structure is just skipped according to the length field after doing some basic checks. This time, in the case of a Recursive DNS Server option, the length field is used to determine the amount of IPv6 addresses, which is calculated as following:. Then, the IPv6 addresses are processed, and the next iteration continues after the last processed IPv6 address, which, in case of an even length value, happens to be in the middle of the option structure compared to what the first iteration sees.

Now we know how to trigger a stack overflow using CVE, but what are the checks that are made in each of the mentioned iterations? What other checks, aside from the length check, can we bypass using this bug? Which option types are supported, and is the handling different for each of them? As can be seen from the code, only 6 option types are supported in the first loop, the others are ignored. In any case, each header is skipped precisely according to the Length field.

Even less options, 4, are supported in the second loop.

And similarly to the first loop, each header is skipped precisely according to the Length field, but this time with two exceptions: types 24 the Route Information Option and 25 Recursive DNS Server Option have functions which adjust the network buffer pointers by themselves, creating an opportunity for inconsistencies. Essentially, this bug allows us to break the assumptions made by the second loop that are supposed to be verified in the first loop. As you can see, there was a slight chance of doing something other than the demonstrated stack overflow by breaking the assumption of the valid prefix length value for option type 3 or Before giving up, we took a closer look at the stack.

We checked whether overriding anything on the stack can help achieve code execution before the function returns.

It is possible that we may have missed something. Original text by Akihiro Suda. Docker will remain useful, as long as the image is built with support for multi-architectures. No worry, BuildKit is still alive. Aside from multi-arch build, Docker BuildX also comes with a lot of innovative features such as distributed build on Kubernetes clusters.

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Then initialize Docker BuildX as follows. This step is required on Docker for Mac as well as on Docker for Linux. Here is the Dockerfile:. The image can be built and pushed to a registry using the following command.

It took seconds on my MacBookPro The image can be executed on any machine with these architectures, without enabling QEMU. If the QEMU mode is too slow for your application, consider using the cross-compilation mode instead. The image can be built and pushed as follows without enabling QEMU. Cross-compiling GNU hello took only The third option is to use a real ARM machine e. This option is as easy as Option 1 and yet as fast as Option 2. The cross-compilation mode is the fastest but modifying Dockerfile can be a mess. I suggest using the remote mode whenever possible.

We have a lot of maintainers and contributors in several open source projects. Our offices are located in the downtown area of Tokyo Tamachi, Shinagawa and Musashino. Original text by Kevin Backhouse. I am a fan of Ubuntu, so I would like to help make it as secure as possible. I have found and reported a few issues, but the majority have been low severity. Ubuntu is open source, which means that many people have looked at the source code before me, and it seems like all the easy bugs have already been found.

This blog post is about an astonishingly straightforward way to escalate privileges on Ubuntu. With a few simple commands in the terminal, and a few mouse clicks, a standard user can create an administrator account for themselves. I have, on some occasions, written thousands of lines of code to exploit a vulnerability. I also think the vulnerability is easy to understand, even if you have no prior knowledge of how Ubuntu works or any security research experience.

Disclaimer: For someone to exploit this vulnerability, they need access to the graphical desktop session of the system, so this issue affects desktop users only. The dialog box will freeze, so just ignore it and go back to the terminal. Because accounts-daemon is stuck in an infinite loop, it quickly goes to the top of the list.

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Here is the crucial step. This is how to set the timer:. If the exploit is successful, then you will be presented with a series of dialog boxes which let you create a new user account. The new user account is an administrator account. Stay with me! There are actually two bugs involved. The accountsservice daemon accounts-daemon is a system service that manages user accounts on the machine. Daemons are programs that run in the background and do not have their own user interface. In the exploit, I use the systems settings dialog box to change the language.

A standard user is allowed to change that setting on their own account — administrator privileges are not required. The denial of service vulnerability works by making. It is provided by the operating system and behaves like an infinitely long file in which every byte is zero. Dropping privileges means that the daemon temporarily forfeits its root privileges, adopting instead the lower privileges of the user. It handles things like starting and stopping user sessions when they log in and out. It also manages the login screen. Another thing handled by gdm3 is the initial setup of a new computer.

When you install Ubuntu on a new computer, one of the first things that you need to do is create a user account. The initial user account needs to be an administrator so that you can continue setting up the machine, doing things like configuring the wifi and installing applications. Here is a screenshot of the initial setup screen taken from the exploit video :. It is triggered by gdm3 when there are zero user accounts on the system, which is the expected scenario during the initial setup of a new computer. How does gdm3 check how many users there are on the system? You probably already guessed it: by asking accounts-daemon!

So what happens if accounts-daemon is unresponsive? It uses D-Bus to ask accounts-daemon how many users there are, but since accounts-daemon is unresponsive, the D-Bus method call fails due to a timeout. In my testing, the timeout took around 20 seconds. I have a confession to make: I found this bug completely by accident.

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I considered them low severity, but was writing them up for a vulnerability report to send to Ubuntu. Around 6pm, I stopped work and closed my laptop lid. Later in the evening, I opened the laptop lid and discovered that I was locked out of my account. I had been experimenting with the. The next thing I knew, I was looking at the gnome-initial-setup dialog boxes, and was amazed to discover that I was able to create a new user with administrator privileges.

So it remains a mystery how I accidentally triggered the bug that evening. Later that evening, I sent further messages to my US-based colleagues describing what had happened.

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Talking about the dialog boxes helped to jog my memory about something that I had noticed recently. After that, it was just a matter of finding the code in gdm3 that triggers gnome-initial-setup and figuring out how to trigger it while accounts-daemon is unresponsive. I found that the relevant code is triggered when a user logs out. Original text Karsten Hahn. Babax not only changes its name but also adds a Ring 3 rootkit and lateral spreading capabilities.

Furthermore it has a ransomware component called OsnoLocker. Is this combination as dangerous as it sounds?